List of cladograms tested for their correspondence with stratigraphic data. Cladograms are listed alphabetically. For each group, data are listed in order, as follows:
- Group name
- Tree size (number of terminals)
- SRL, Standard range length, the total time represented by known fossil ranges
- MIG, Minimum implied gap or ‘ghost range’
- Gmin, the minimum possible ghost range when cladogram branches are rearranged
- Gmax, the maximum possible ghost range when cladogram branches are rearranged
- RCI, the Relative completeness index (Benton, 1994)
- RCI and GER Sig., significance of the RCI and GER measures
- No. consistent nodes, the number of stratigraphically consistent nodes
- SCI, the Stratigraphic consistency index (Huelsenbeck, 1994)
- SCI Sig., significance of the SCI measure
- GER, the Gap excess ratio (Wills, 1999)
- Range, the broad stratigraphic range of the cladogram
- Reference, the source of the cladogram assessed
|
Group |
No. terminals |
SRL |
MIG |
Gmin |
Gmax |
RCI |
RCI & GER Sig |
Consistent nodes |
SCI |
SCI Sig. |
GER |
Range of O |
Reference |
|
Tetrapoda(1) |
6 |
925 |
145 |
123 |
285 |
84.324324 |
15.5 |
4 |
1 |
6.25 |
0.8642 |
Dev-Carb |
Gaffney (1979, fig. 2) |
|
Tetrapoda(2) |
5 |
911 |
74 |
57 |
128 |
91.877058 |
19 |
2 |
0.666667 |
27.75 |
0.76056 |
Dev-Carb |
Gardiner (1983, fig. 14) |
|
Tetrapoda(3) |
6 |
904 |
102 |
78 |
255 |
88.716814 |
4 |
2 |
0.5 |
25 |
0.86441 |
Dev-Carb |
Gauthier et al. (1988b, fig. 14) |
|
Tetrapoda(4) |
15 |
1251 |
190 |
83 |
607 |
84.81215 |
0.5 |
7 |
0.538462 |
0.5 |
0.795802 |
Dev-Carb |
Lombard & Bolt (1995, fig. 10) |
|
Amphibia(1) |
9 |
1336 |
328 |
204 |
664 |
75.449102 |
0.25 |
3 |
0.428571 |
31 |
0.73044 |
Dev-Jur |
Gardiner (1982, fig. 5) |
|
Amphibia(2) |
10 |
819 |
284 |
169 |
658 |
65.323565 |
0.75 |
3 |
0.375 |
21.25 |
0.76483 |
Carb-Jur |
Milner (1988, figs. 3.2, 3.3) |
|
Amphibia(3) |
11 |
1128 |
179 |
78 |
367 |
84.131206 |
5.75 |
6 |
0.666667 |
8 |
0.65052 |
Carb-Perm |
Panchen & Smithson (1988, fig. 1.1(a)) |
|
Amphibia(4) |
6 |
687 |
197 |
147 |
370 |
71.3246 |
3.5 |
2 |
0.5 |
23.75 |
0.77578 |
Carb-Jur |
Bolt (1991, fig. 6) |
|
Amphibia(5) |
6 |
687 |
263 |
147 |
370 |
61.717613 |
26.5 |
1 |
0.25 |
100 |
0.47982 |
Carb-Jur |
Bolt (1991, fig. 7) |
|
Amphibia(6) |
12 |
965 |
307 |
169 |
615 |
68.186528 |
26.5 |
5 |
0.5 |
17.25 |
0.69058 |
Carb-Jur |
Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 8) |
|
Lepospondyli |
5 |
321 |
71 |
27 |
71 |
77.88162 |
100 |
1 |
0.333333 |
89.5 |
0 |
Carb |
Carroll & Chorn (1995, fig. 9) |
|
Temnospondyli(1) |
13 |
508 |
291 |
110 |
927 |
42.716535 |
0.25 |
3 |
0.272727 |
100 |
0.77846 |
Carb-Tri |
Gardiner (1983, fig. 16) |
|
Temnospondyli(2) |
13 |
665 |
250 |
88 |
448 |
62.406015 |
12.5 |
6 |
0.545455 |
17.5 |
0.55 |
Carb-Tri |
Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 4) |
|
Temnospondyli(3) |
6 |
325 |
30 |
10 |
40 |
90.769231 |
71.5 |
2 |
0.5 |
83.5 |
0.333333 |
Perm-Tri |
Warren & Black (1985, fig. 14) |
|
Temnospondyli(4) |
7 |
173 |
159 |
68 |
236 |
8.092486 |
23 |
2 |
0.4 |
33 |
0.458333 |
Carb-Perm |
Foreman (1990, fig. 5) |
|
Temnospondyli(5) |
14 |
408 |
265 |
68 |
531 |
35.04902 |
1.5 |
7 |
0.583333 |
30.5 |
0.574514 |
Carb-Perm |
Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11A) |
|
Temnospondyli(5) |
14 |
408 |
226 |
68 |
531 |
44.607843 |
0.5 |
7 |
0.583333 |
31.5 |
0.658747 |
Carb-Perm |
Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11B) |
|
Temnospondyli(5) |
14 |
408 |
265 |
68 |
531 |
35.04902 |
0.5 |
7 |
0.583333 |
2 |
0.574514 |
Carb-Perm |
Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11C) |
|
Temnospondyli(5) |
14 |
408 |
265 |
68 |
531 |
35.04902 |
0.5 |
7 |
0.583333 |
2 |
0.574514 |
Carb-Perm |
Holmes et al. (1998, fig. 11D) |
|
Temnospondyli(6) |
7 |
87 |
87 |
29 |
108 |
0 |
69 |
3 |
0.6 |
55 |
0.265823 |
Carb-Perm |
Sequeira & Milner (1993, fig. 11) |
|
Temnospondyli-Chigutisauridae |
6 |
80 |
61 |
51 |
81 |
23.75 |
12.5 |
3 |
0.75 |
8 |
0.666667 |
Tri-Jur |
Sengupta (1995, fig. 19) |
|
Temno.-Dissorophoidea |
10 |
674 |
365 |
239 |
809 |
45.845697 |
0.25 |
5 |
0.625 |
3.75 |
0.77895 |
Carb-Cret |
Trueb & Cloutier (1991, fig. 9) |
|
Temnos.-Trematopsidae(1) |
4 |
39 |
29 |
29 |
74 |
25.641026 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
Carb-Perm |
Dilkes (1990, fig. 14) |
|
Temnos.-Trematopsidae(2) |
5 |
94 |
50 |
42 |
121 |
46.808511 |
20 |
2 |
0.666667 |
20 |
0.898734 |
Carb-Perm |
Sumida et al. (1998, fig. 11) |
|
Pipoidea(1) |
13 |
306 |
673 |
155 |
1218 |
-119.93464 |
22 |
5 |
0.454545 |
64.5 |
0.5127 |
Jur-Rec |
Henrici (1998, fig. 6) |
|
Pipoidea(2) |
14 |
208 |
413 |
83 |
684 |
-98.557692 |
26 |
6 |
0.5 |
14.5 |
0.450915 |
Cret-Rec |
Baez & Pugener (1998, fig. 10) |
|
Pipoidea(3) |
7 |
255 |
348 |
146 |
668 |
-36.470588 |
11.5 |
2 |
0.4 |
30 |
0.613027 |
Cret-Rec |
Baez & Rage (1998, fig. 4) |
|
Caudata-Batrachosauroididae |
5 |
108 |
27 |
27 |
68 |
75 |
3.5 |
3 |
1 |
3.5 |
1 |
Cret-Eoc |
Denton & O’Neill (1998, fig. 8) |
|
Anthracosauria |
5 |
534 |
84 |
60 |
165 |
84.269663 |
14.5 |
1 |
0.333333 |
53.25 |
0.77143 |
Carb |
Gauthier et al. (1988b, fig.4.3) |
|
Seymouriamorpha |
7 |
101 |
85 |
45 |
100 |
15.841584 |
20 |
3 |
0.6 |
17.5 |
0.272727 |
Carb-Perm |
Laurin (1996, fig. 6) |
References for cited cladograms
- Baez, A. M. and Pugener, L. A. 1998. A new Palaeogene pipid frog from northwestern Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 511-524.
- Baez, A. M. and Rage, J.-C. 1998. Pipid frogs from Upper Cretaceous of In Beceten, Niger. Palaeontology, 41, 669-691.
- Bolt, J.R. (1991) Lissamphibian origins. In Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, edited by H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb, pp. 194-222. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
- Carroll, R.L. and Chorn, J. (1995) Vertebral development in the oldest microsaur and the problem of ‘lepospondyl’ relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, 37-56.
- Denton, R. K., Jr. and O’Neill, R. C. 1998. Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 484-494.
- Dilkes, D. W. 1990. A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10, 222-243.
- Foreman, B, C. 1990. A revision of the cranial morphology of the Lower Permian temnospondyl amphibian Acroplous vorax Hotton. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10, 390-397.
- Gaffney, E.S. (1979) Tetrapod monophyly: a phylogenetic analysis. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 13, 92-105.
- Gardiner, B. G. (1983) Gnathostome vertebrae and the classification of the Amphibia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 79, 1-59.
- Gauthier, J.A., Kluge, A.G., and Rowe, T. (1988b) The early evolution of the Amniota. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 103-156. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Henrici, A. C. 1998. A new pipoid anuran from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 321-332.
- Holmes, R. B., Carroll, R. L., and Reisz, R. R. 1998. The first articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum (Temnospondyli, Dendrerpetontidae) from the Lower Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a review of its relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 64-79.
- Laurin, M. 1996. A reappraisal of Utegenia, a Permo-Carboniferous seymouriamorph (Tetrapoda: Batrachosauria) from Kazakhstan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 374-383.
- Lombard, R. E. and Bolt, J. R. 1995. A new primitive tetrapod, Whatcheeria deltae, from the Lower Carboniferous of Iowa. Palaeontology, 38, 471-494.
- Milner, A.R. (1988) The relationships and origin of living amphibians. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 59-102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Panchen, A.L. Smithson, T.R. (1988) The relationships of the earliest tetrapods. In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Volume 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, edited by M.J. Benton. Systematics Association Special Volume, 35A, 1-32. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Sengupta, D. P. 1995. Chigutisaurid temnospondyls from the Late Triassic of India and a review of the Family Chigutisauridae. Palaeontology, 38, 313-339.
- Sequeira, S. E. K. and Milner, A. R. 1993. The temnospondyl amphibian Capetus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. Palaeontology, 36, 657-680.
- Sumida, S. S., Berman, D. S., and Martens, T. 1998. A new trematopid amphibian from the Lower Permian of central Germany. Palaeontology, 41, 605-629.
- Trueb, L. and Cloutier, R. (1991) A phylogenetic investigation of the inter- and intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). In Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods, edited by H.-P. Schultze and L. Trueb, pp. 223-313. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
- Warren, A. A. and Black, T. 1985. A new rhytidosteid (Amphibia, Labyrinthodontia) from the Early Triassic Arcadia Formation of Queensland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 5, 303-327.